{ "id": 7690, "date": "2022-10-19T10:05:29", "date_gmt": "2022-10-19T08:05:29", "guid": { "rendered": "https:\/\/alivitpharm.djole.dog\/?page_id=7690" }, "modified": "2026-04-16T09:20:35", "modified_gmt": "2026-04-16T07:20:35", "slug": "selenium", "status": "publish", "type": "page", "link": "https:\/\/alivitpharm.djole.dog\/en\/selenium\/", "title": { "rendered": "Selenium" }, "content": { "rendered": "
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Selenium<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sodium selenite<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Selenium<\/strong> is an essential oligoelement. <\/strong>The intake of selenium in the body depends on the content of selenium in water, soil and plants that are consumed.<\/span><\/span> Sources of selenium are meat, fish, cereals, shellfish, broccoli, cabbage, mushrooms, celery, pork and beef kidneys, tuna.<\/span><\/span> Selenium in food can be present in the form of inorganic selenium or as amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. <\/span><\/span>It is a mineral that is necessary for the human body to function properly. It plays an important role in reproduction, thyroid gland function, DNA production, as well as in cell protection from free radical attacks (antioxidant effect).<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Daily needs:<\/strong> The optimal daily intake of selenium is from 50 to 200mcg.<\/span><\/span> Selenium is excreted through the urine, and in the blood it binds to sulfhydryl groups of blood plasma proteins, and most of it is found in erythrocytes.<\/span><\/span> The average adult has about 20mg of selenium, and most of it is deposited in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen and testicles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Selenium and vitamin E act synergistically in the body.<\/span><\/span> The thyroxine-deiodinase enzyme is a selenoprotein, so a reduced intake of iodine in the diet can be a factor in the development of goiter.<\/span><\/span> Many studies suggest that people, especially women, who have low levels of selenium and iodine in their blood, can develop a thyroid problem, and supplementation with this mineral in such conditions is very justified. Selenium is involved in protein synthesis and protection of the body from toxic substances, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead. Many clinical and experimental studies have shown that selenium plays a very important role in prostaglandin metabolism (controls inflammatory processes), in cardiovascular hemostasis (prevents oxidative cell damage).<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Most people get enough selenium from a variety of foods.<\/span><\/span> Certain groups of people have a problem with a low concentration of selenium in the body, namely people undergoing dialysis, HIV-positive people and people who eat only local food, grown on soil with a low selenium content.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Selenium deficiency:<\/strong> Selenium deficiency is a very rare occurrence.<\/span><\/span> Most often, its deficiency can cause Keshan’s disease (a specific type of cardiomyopathy) and male infertility.<\/span><\/span> Selenium deficiency can also cause Kashin-Beck disease, which is characterized by pain, swelling and loss of movement in the joints.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Selenium supplementation is immunostimulatory, as measured by a wide range of parameters, including T-cell proliferation, NK cell activity, innate immune cell function, and many others.<\/span><\/span> The need for selenium increases with viral infections.<\/span><\/span> In humans with selenium deficiency, oxidative stress can cause viral genome mutation, resulting in increased microbial virulence.<\/span><\/span> Many clinical studies have shown that selenium improves sperm quality and motility, so selenium is an indispensable part of male infertility therapy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are significant causes of human mortality.<\/span><\/span> The causes of these diseases are mostly unknown, and the diagnosis is very complicated.<\/span><\/span> A large number of studies look at the lack of minerals, such as calcium and selenium, and conclude that their deficiency contributes to the development of neurological diseases.<\/span><\/span> Many studies have shown that selenium supplementation can reduce the risk of developing complications of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Selenium excess:<\/strong> Intake of high doses of selenium over a long period of time can cause the following: nausea, diarrhea, skin rash, irritability, metallic taste in the mouth, hair loss, changes in teeth.<\/span><\/span> Selenium enters into a large number of interactions with medicines, so special caution is needed, in which case you must consult your doctor or pharmacist.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

The effect of selenium on prostate health:<\/strong> Pathophysiological changes in the prostate, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma, are closely related to men’s lifespan.<\/span><\/span> Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a major health problem, characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscles and prostate epithelium, which as a result causes various problems, such as pain in the lower abdomen, frequent (night) urination, pain during urination.<\/span><\/span> Oxidative stress caused by chronic inflammation of the prostate is the main trigger for the development of this disease.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Many dietary supplements that contain selenium can be useful in the prevention and treatment of enlarged prostate, due to their antioxidant potential.<\/span><\/span> Studies show that there is an inverse relationship between the concentration of selenium in the serum and the risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia, so the higher the concentration of selenium in the serum, the less likely it is to develop this disease.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Selenium<\/strong> is an essential mineral that occurs naturally in many foods. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Selenium is a component of 25 selenoproteins, including thioredoxin reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and selenoprotein P. Selenoproteins play a key role in thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, reproduction, and protection against oxidative damage and infection.<\/p>

Soil and groundwater contain inorganic forms of selenium (e.g., selenites, selenates) that plants accumulate and convert to organic forms, mainly selenomethionine and selenocysteine \u200b\u200band their methylated derivatives. In food, selenium is present primarily as selenomethionine along with selenocysteine. Dietary selenium is readily absorbed by the body. Selenomethionine is the organic form of selenium with high bioavailability and excellent absorption.<\/p>

Plasma and serum selenium concentrations are commonly used to assess selenium status, and concentrations of 8 mcg\/dL or higher are usually considered sufficient in healthy individuals. The selenium content of hair and nails can be used to estimate long-term selenium intake over months or years. Two plasma selenoproteins, glutathione peroxidase 3 and selenoprotein P, can be used as functional biomarkers of selenium status, but they can be influenced by factors such as inflammation, making them potentially unreliable.<\/p>

Recommended intakes:<\/strong> The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has established recommended daily allowances and adequate intakes for selenium. These values \u200b\u200brange from 55 to 70 mcg for adults and from 15 to 70 mcg for infants, children, and adolescents, depending on age and life stage. Protein-rich foods, such as seafood, meat, and poultry, are rich sources of selenium. Brazil nuts are particularly high in selenium. Selenium concentrations in plant foods vary by geographic location because the amount and form of selenium in the soil and other factors can affect the selenium content of these foods. Forms of selenium commonly found in dietary supplements include selenomethionine, selenium-enriched yeast, sodium selenite, and sodium selenate. The body is able to absorb up to about 90% of the selenium from these forms.<\/p>

Selenium intake and status:<\/strong> Although selenium intake and serum concentrations may vary by region, most people consume adequate amounts of selenium. However, people who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet may have lower selenium intake, and people who smoke cigarettes tend to have lower selenium status than non-smokers, possibly because cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress.<\/p>

Selenium deficiency:<\/strong> Selenium deficiency alone rarely causes disease. However, in certain populations, selenium deficiency can lead to the development of conditions such as Keshan disease (a heart disease caused by chronic selenium deficiency) and Kashin-Beck disease (a chronic osteoarthropathy that leads to dwarfism and severe arthritis). In addition, selenium deficiency can increase the risk of congenital hypothyroidism in infants by exacerbating iodine deficiency. Although selenium deficiency is rare, some groups of people are at higher risk of inadequate intake. These groups include people living in selenium-deficient regions, those undergoing kidney dialysis, and those living with HIV.<\/p>

Selenium and health:<\/strong> Selenium supplementation focuses on six diseases and conditions in which selenium may play an important role: cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), HIV infection, male fertility, and thyroid disease.<\/p>

Cancer:<\/strong> Some epidemiological studies suggest that people with higher selenium status have a lower risk of several types of cancer, and one randomized controlled trial found that men who took selenium had a lower risk of prostate cancer over a multi-year follow-up period. Observational studies examining the association between low selenium status and cardiovascular disease risk have yielded conflicting results. Available evidence from clinical trials does not support the use of selenium supplementation to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in people who get enough dietary selenium. However, taking selenium as part of an antioxidant formula may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality.<\/p>

Cognitive decline and Alzheimer\u2019s disease:<\/strong> Researchers are investigating the role of selenium in maintaining cognitive function in older adults, as chronic selenium deficiency has been linked to cognitive decline. Results from observational studies have been mixed, with some reporting an association between lower plasma selenium concentrations and neurological impairment or a higher risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, while others have found no such association.<\/p>

HIV infection:<\/strong> Although selenium deficiency may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV, selenium supplementation appears to provide limited benefit in this population. Some evidence suggests that selenium supplementation may reduce the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with HIV.<\/p>

Male fertility:<\/strong> Some clinical trials have reported improvements in certain aspects of sperm quality in men who received selenium supplements.<\/p>

Thyroid disease:<\/strong> Selenium plays an important role in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. In women, low selenium status appears to be associated with an increased risk of thyroid disease; this association has not been found in men. Clinical trials have found that selenium supplementation may reduce levels of certain thyroid antibodies in people with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Results from clinical trials examining the effects of selenium supplementation on thyroid antibodies in pregnant women have been mixed, and the American Thyroid Association recommends that selenium supplementation not be taken by pregnant women with thyroid autoimmunity.<\/p>

Health risks of excessive selenium intake:<\/strong> Selenosis results from chronically high selenium intake. It is most commonly characterized by hair loss and brittle or falling out nails, but other signs and symptoms may include a garlicky breath odor, a metallic taste in the mouth, skin rashes, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability, and nervous system abnormalities. The upper permissible amount of selenium for adults is 400 mcg, and for infants, children and adolescents it ranges from 45 mcg to 400 mcg, depending on age.<\/p>

Drug Interactions:<\/strong> Selenium supplements can interact with drugs. In addition, certain drugs, such as cisplatin, can affect the level of selenium in the body.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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